Film Autuerism Essay -- essays papers

Film AutuerismAuteurism is a term first coined by Francois Truffaut to describe the mark of a consume managing director on his characterizations. A director can be considered an auteur if ab step up five of his pullulate take out a definite style that is definitely his own. In other words, more than like adept can look at a picture and range if it is a Monet, a Renoir, or a Degas, if a film director is an auteur, one can look at his film and tell by style and recurring themes that it was made by a certain director. In auteur films, the director is many times what brings an audience to the theater, instead of the actors or storyline. I am going to take a look at three of the most noteworthy auteurs Frederico Fellini, Satyajit Ray, and Alfred Hitchcock.I watched five of Frederico Fellinis films La Dolce Vita, 8-1/2, Juliet of the Spirits, La Strada, and City of Women. In all of these films, I find Fellinis enormous use of imagery, which of course he is most noted for. Howev er, I also noticed a recurring set of genius archetypes. These archetypes argon the sex prey, the wife, and the typical man.First, we see the use of the sex inclination in 8-1/2. The young boy and his friends encounter the whore. With this encounter we see that a mixed batch of emotions, delight, cruelty, wonder, scaredness, and finally guilt. This scene is a perfect utilization of sexual awakening. The whores sexuality and the boys responses to it are shown with crosscuts between her suggestive motions and their shock and ultimate joy. When she invites the boy to come closer, he has mixed feelings, but is ultimately pressured by his friends. Fellini finishes this episode perfectly- the boys are caught guilty by adults. In City of Women similar experience is portrayed. This time it is with a loving agnate figure. The young boy is confused when returning her affections- he has a mix of sexual excitement and shameless affection. The camera be given is that of a childs view, and he looks at her exposed partition and her open skirt crossed with cuts of her strong arms and her continuing maternal household duties and her embrace. In La Dolce Vita, the sexual object is in a more complex relationship with the man. She is not only an object of desire, and sexual partner, but she is also a friend and confidant of the briny character.The second character type that Fellini portrays in several of his films is the wife. In 8-1... ...pless when she puts herself in harms way. Stylistically, this painting was one of Hitchcocks famous experiments. Almost the entire movie is shot in the main characters apartment and out of his apartment window. Finally, I watch North by Northwest. In this film as with many of his others including Vertigo and Rear Window, Hitchcock sets up his hero as being the only one who knows the truth, that way he is the sane one and the audience sympathizes. Also very Hitchcockian is that the main character becomes the detective. Stylistically, t he audience remain with the main character, only knowing as much as he does. As with both Frederico Fellini and Satyajit Ray, thither is no denying Hitchcocks autuerism. When a movie of his begins, there is no doubt from the very beginning as to who may take in directed it.Auteurism is a very important aspect to analyzing film. When a director is an auteur, he not only has films that are easily recognized as his, but also he has left his mark on film history. Three important auteurs are Frederico Fellini, Satyajit Ray, and Alfred Hitchcock. All three of these directors have particular proposition styles and recurring themes that they have made their trademark.

Seymour Butts

Hi my name is Seymour exclusivelyts. My fathers name is moby dick. My favourite(a) color is black. My favorite food is pizza. I just got a new fish yesterday. I named him bluey. You want to know why, because he is blue. Today is was cloudy outside but it never rained. Thats a bumer. I rode in a smoke on Sunday. It was cool. I in any case went to the movies. I havent been to the movies in a long time. I went to the beach today. It was wavey. I have a dog named blacky. Because he is black. I come up with unique names. I had chicken stew for dinner tonight. That is my favorite thing to make. I also had a corn muffin with it.I just got done swimming in the pool. I do non have a pool. Fooled you. It is seventy half a dozen degrees in my house. That is genuinely cold. It is twenty degrees outside. That is really hot. I cleaned my house today. It was very dirty. It took me all day to clean it. I love to clean the house. I dont know how it got so dirty. Now the house does not have to be cleaned for another two years. I just dropped a glass plate and it shattered everywhere. Oh well. It was not my plate anyway. Well I hope this essay entertained you. It sure entertained me. All of this is true. That was a lie. I am just kidding.

Cost of Capital, Capital Budgeting and Financial Planning

Assignment Cost of Capital, Capital Budgeting and pecuniary Planning Chapter(s) 9, 10, 12 Group Name Student Name(s) Date operating instructions HW Assignments go away be uploaded to Kean Blackboard and mustiness be accessed from there. You must have in groups where assigned (or independently if not assigned to groups) on prep atomic number 18dness assignments. Points atomic number 18 noted against each question. You atomic number 18 needful to submit radical Work assignments electronically on Kean Blackboard using MS-Office or different text editor. You are required to complete your assignments as per the due regard indicated by the Professor.Total Points in Assignment hundred (Points scored pull up stakes be scurfy down to a maximum of 15 towards the final spirit level) Assignment secern I Cost of Capital During the last few years, get to Davis Industries has been to a fault constrained by the high toll of metropolis to support many capital enthr atomic nu mber 53ments. Recently, though, capital live have been declining, and the troupe has decided to calculate seriously at a major expansion program that has been proposed by the marting department. Assume that you are an assistant to Leigh Jones, the monetary vice-president. Your first task is to yard Harry Daviss exist of capital.Financial put upmentsJones has provided you with the following data, which she believes may be relevant to your task a) The firms valuateation put is 40%. b) The current expense of Harry Daviss 12% coupon, biyearly payment, noncallable bonds with 15 years bear on to maturity is $1,153. 72. Harry Davis does not use short- status interest-bearing debt on a permanent hindquarters. unsanded bonds would be privately placed with no flotation follow. c) The current equipment casualty of the firms 10%, $100 par value, quarterly dividend, continual best-loved contrast is $116. 95. Harry Davis would flummox flotation make ups passable to 5% of the proceeds on a fresh issue. ) Harry Daviss common stock is bring inly merchandising at $50 per share. Its last dividend (D0) was $3. 12, and dividends are judge to farm at a constant footstep of 5. 8% in the predictable future. Harry Daviss beta is 1. 2 the digest on T-bonds is 5. 6% and the market adventure premium is estimated to be 6%. For the all over-own-bond-yield-plus-judgmental- encounter-premium approach, the firm uses a 3. 2%judgmental risk premium. e) Harry Daviss patsy capital body structure is 30% pertinacious-term debt, 10% prefer stock, and 60%common justness. To sustain you structure the task, Leigh Jones has asked you to answer the following questions. . What sources of capital should be included when you estimate Harry Daviss weighted median(a) court of capital (WACC)? Should the serving costs be figured on a forwards-tax or an after-tax basis? Should the costs be historical (embedded) costs or new (marginal) costs? (5 focuss) Sources of capi tal to be included to estimate WACC are * Long term debt to be considered after tax * Preferred stock to be considered before tax ( preferred stock is not tax deductible) * Common integrity to be considered before tax When it comes to corporate financing, most firms incorporate tax effects in the cost of capital.For this reason, percentage costs should be mensurable on an after-tax basis. In financial management the WACC is employ primarily to make investment decisions and these decisions hinge on outsideizes expected future returns versus the cost of new or marginal capital that will be used to finance these rolls. Thus the relevant cost it marginal cost of new debt to be raised during the planning period 2. What is the market interest rate on Harry Daviss debt, and what is the component cost of this debt for WACC purposes? (3 points) Pre -Tax cost of Debt is the YTM in the racing shell of a Bond.The current price of Harry Daviss 12% coupon, semiannual payment, noncallabl e bonds with 15 years proceeding to maturity is $1,153. 72. We used the RATE spotlight in Excel to calculate the YTM n 30 PV -1153. 72 pmt 60 FV 1000 Rate (i) 5% =RATE(30,60,-1153. 72,1000) = 5% Since this is a semiannual rate, we calculate by 2 to find the annual rate, which is the pre-tax cost of debt. 5% x 2 = 10% = rd After tax component cost of debt = enliven Rate Tax Savings = rd rdT We calculate that the rd is 10%, and it is stated in a higher place that the tax rate is 40%. rd(1 T) = 10. %(1 0. 40) = 10. 0%(0. 60) = 6. 0 = 6% component cost of debt, which is the after-tax cost of debt. 3. What is the firms cost of preferred stock? (3 points) The current price of the firms 10%, $100 par value, quarterly dividend, perpetual preferred stock is $116. 95. Harry Davis would incur flotation costs equal to 5% of the proceeds on a new issue. The cost of preferred stock is simply the preferred dividend divided by the price the company will receive if it issues new preferred stock. No tax adaptation is necessary, as preferred dividends are not tax deductible.Dps is the Preferred dividend = . 10($100) = $10 Pps is the preferred stock price = $116. 95 F is the flotation cost as a percentage of proceeds = 5% rps = Dps / Pps(1-F) = $10 / 111. 10 = 0. 09 = 9% cost of preferred stock 4. Would you expect Harry Daviss preferred stock to be more than riskier or less riskier to investors than its debt? differentiate the preferred stock yield to the yield to maturity on the debt and rationalize the risk/return trade- take out between preferred stock and debt from an investors point of view. (3 points) Preferred stocks are riskier to investors than debt.Corporations own most preferred stock, because 70% of preferred dividends are non-taxable to corporations. Therefore, preferred stock often has a trim before-tax yield than the before-tax yield on debt. But, the after-tax costs to the issuer are higher on preferred stock than debt. This is consistent with the higher risks of preferred stock. 5. Harry Davis doesnt plan to issue new shares of common stock. use the CAPM approach, what is Harry Daviss estimated cost of equity? (2 points) Harry Daviss beta is 1. 2 the yield on T-bonds is 5. 6% and the market risk premium is estimated to be 6%.Risk-free rate 5. 6% Market risk premium 6% important 1. 2 rs = Risk-free rate + (Market risk premium) (Beta) rs = rRF + (RPM) bi rs = . 056 + (. 06)(1. 2) = 0. 128 = 12. 8% estimated cost of equity using CAPM approach 6. What is the estimated cost of equity using the discounted capital flow (DCF) approach? (2 points) Harry Daviss common stock is currently selling at $50 per share. Its last dividend (D0) was $3. 12, and dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 5. 8% in the foreseeable future. P0 = $50 D0 = $3. 12 g = 5. 8% D1 = $3. 30 rs = D1/P0 + g D1= D0(1+g)= $3. 12(1+. 058) = $3. 30 s = ($3. 30/$50)+5. 8% = 6. 6% +5. 8% = 12. 4% estimated cost of equity using DCF approach 7. Suppose t he firm has historically make 15% on equity (ROE) and retained 62% of earnings, and investors expect this situation to continue in the future. How could you use this information to estimate the future dividend evolution rate, and what ontogeny rate would you get? Is this consistent with the 5. 8% festering rate provided by Jones? (2 points) Payout rate = 100% 62% = 38% ROE = 15% Growth from earnings retention cast g = (Retention rate)(ROE) g = (1 Payout rate)(ROE) g = (1 0. 38)(15%) = 9. %. Using the Earnings Retention Model, the estimated future dividend growth rate is 9. 3%, which is almost twice the growth rate provided by Jones, and hence inconsistent. feel that the earning retention model assumes the retention and payout rate will remain constant, as will the ROE on new investments. Under these assumptions, the earnings growth and dividends growth rate will as well as be constant. 8. What is the cost of equity base on the bond-yield-plus-judgmental-risk-premium metho d? (2 points) For the over-own-bond-yield-plus-judgmental-risk-premium approach, the firm uses a 3. %judgmental risk premium. We calculated earlier that the companys bond yield is 10%. rs= rd + Judgmental risk premium rs= 10. 0% + 3. 2% = 13. 2% cost of equity based on bond-yield-plus-judgmental-risk-premium method 9. What is your final estimate for the cost of equity, rs? (2 points) CAPMrs = 12. 8% DCF rs= 12. 4% Bond-yield-plus-judgmental-risk-premium risk rs = 13. 2% Average rs= 12. 8% utmost estimate for the cost of equity, rs = 12. 8% 10. What is Harry Daviss weighted average cost of capital (WACC)? (2 points) The firms tax rate is 40%.Harry Daviss target capital structure is 30% long-term debt, 10% preferred stock, and 60%common equity. We calculated earlier that the pre-tax cost of debt, rd is 10%, the cost of preferred stock, rps is 9% and the cost of equity, rs is 12. 8%. Wd = 30% rd = 10% T = 40% Wps = 10% rps = 9% Ws = 60% rs = 12. 8% WACC= wdrd(1 T) + wpsrps + wsrs WAC C= 0. 30(. 10)(1 ? 0. 40) + 0. 10(. 09) + 0. 60(. 128) = . 1038 = 10. 38% weighted average cost of capital 11. What four common mistakes in estimating the WACC should Harry Davis neutralise? (2 points) Four common mistakes that are to be avoided are 1.Using current cost of debt (instead of historical cost of debt) 2. Mixing current and historical measures to calculate MRP 3. Using book weights to estimate the weight for capital structure (instead of market weights) 4. Misidentifying the capital component sources Part II Capital Budgeting You have just gradatory from the MBA program of a large university, and one of your favorite courses was Todays Entrepreneurs. In fact, you enjoyed it so much you have decided you want to be your own boss. While you were in the masters program, your grandfather died and odd you $1 million to do with as you please.You are not an inventor and you do not have a trade skill that you keep market however, you have decided that you would like to pur chase at least one established licence in the fast-foods area, maybe two (if net incomeable). The problem is that you have never been one to stay with any project for withal long, so you figure that your time frame is three years. After three years you will sell off your investment and go on to something else. You have narrowed your selection down to two choices (1) certification L, Lisas Soups, Salads, Stuff and (2) certification S, Sams Fabulous Fried Chicken.The crystalize property flows shown below include the price you would receive for selling the franchise in course of study 3 and the compute of how each franchise will do over the three-year period. certify Ls silver flows will start off slowly but will increase quite an quickly as people become more health conscious, duration license Ss silver flows will start off high but will trail off as new(prenominal) chicken competitors enter the marketplace and as people become more health conscious and avoid fried foods. Franchise L serves breakfast and lunch, composition Franchise S serves only dinner, so it is possible for you to invest in some(prenominal) franchises.You see these franchises as perfect complements to one opposite You could attract both the lunch and dinner crowds and the health conscious and not so health conscious crowds without the franchises directly competing against one another. Here are the net cash flows (in thousands of dollars) Depreciation, salvage values, net working capital requirements, and tax effects are all included in these cash flows. You also have made subjective risk assessments of each franchise, and concluded that both franchises have risk characteristics that require a return of 10%. You must now determine whether one or both of the franchises should be accepted. . What is the disparity between independent and in return unshared projects? (2 points) Independent projects are those projects whose cash flows are not affected by other projects. If Costco is considering opening a new store in Los Angeles and another one in New York, they would be independent. in return exclusive projects are two different methods of attaining the aforementioned(prenominal) result. If one is accepted the other would be rejected. If Costco were considering relocating its corporate headquarters to Los Angeles or New York, only one of the 2 locations will be selected indeed rejecting the alternate location.When projects are inversely exclusive, it means they do the same telephone line or have the same purpose. 2. intend the term net present value (NPV). What is each franchises NPV? (4 points) Net Present observe is defined as the present value of projects cash inflows minus the present value of its costs. It tells us how the project contributes to shareholder wealth. The large the NPV the more value the project adds and thus the higher the stock price. NPV = CF0 + CF1/ (1+r)1 + CF2/(1+r)2 + CF3/(1+r)3.. + CFN/(1+r)N r = 10% Franchise L C F0L = -100 CF1L = 10 CF2L = 60 CF3L = 80NPVL= CF0L + CF1L/ (1+r)1 + CF2L/(1+r)2 + CF3L/(1+r)3 = -100 +10/(1+. 10)1 + 60/(1. 10)2 + 80/(1. 10)3 = -100 + 9. 09 + 49. 59 + 60. 11 = $18. 79 Franchise S CF0S = -100 CF1S = 70 CF2S = 50 CF3S = 20 NPVS= CF0S + CF1S/ (1+r)1 + CF2S/(1+r)2 + CF3S/(1+r)3 = -100 +70/(1+. 10)1 + 50/(1. 10)2 + 20/(1. 10)3 = -100 + 63. 64 + 41. 32 + 15. 03 = $19. 99 3. What is the rationale behind the NPV method? According to NPV, which franchise or franchises should be accepted if they are independent? Mutually exclusive? How would the NPVs change over if the cost of capital changed? (4 points)NPV is slackly regarded as the best single seeing fire criterion, primarily because it is directly related to the firms central address of maximizing the stocks intrinsic value. NPV tells us how the project contributes to shareholder wealth. The big the NPV the more value the project adds and thus the higher the stock price. A negative NPV indicates sufficient cash is not being generated from the project to meet cost associated with the project. Zero NPV indicates that cash generated is only sufficient to cover costs. Positive NPV on the other hand indicates that the inflow of cash is larger than the outflow.NPV rules dictate that if projects are independent, both projects should be accepted as long as they have a peremptory NPV. In this case both Franchise S L have positive NPVs and should be accepted. If projects are mutually exclusive, then the project with the larger NPV should be selected. In this case, Franchise S has a higher NPV indicating that the returns from investing in Franchise S is larger and thus Franchise S should be selected. 4. Define the term internal rate of return (IRR). What is each franchises IRR? (4 points) IRR is the discount rate that forces the PV of the inflow of a project to equal the sign cost.In other words it forces the NPV to be zero. IRR is an estimate of the projects rate of return and it is alike(p) to th e YTM on a bond. NPV = CF0 + CF1/ (1+IRR)1 + CF2/(1+IRR)2 + CF3/(1+IRR)3.. + CFN/(1+IRR)N = 0 Using Excel function IRR expect net cash flows Year (t) Franchise L Franchise S 0 ($100) ($100) 1 10 70 2 60 50 3 80 20 IRR 18. 13% 23. 56% IRRL = 18. 13% IRRS = 23. 56% 5. What is the logic behind the IRR method? According to IRR, which franchises should be accepted if they are independent? Mutually exclusive? How would the IRRs change if cost of capital changed? 4 points) IRR is an estimate of a projects rate of return. If the return exceeds the cost of pecuniary resource used to finance the project, then the difference is a bonus that goes to the firms stockholders and causes the stock price to rise. So if the WACC/hurdle rate(r) is less than the estimated return IRR, it indicates project will be profitable. As in NPV where zero is the threshold above which the project is considered profitable, r is the threshold above which IRR is considered profitable In the spring whe re Franchise S and L are independent, both franchises have positive IRRs and thus both franchises should be accepted.However, when both franchises are mutually exclusive, the franchise with the larger IRR has to be selected, which in this case Franchise S. 6. reconstruct NPV writes for Franchises L and S. At what discount rate do the profiles cross? From the NPV profile which franchise or franchises should be accepted if they are independent? Mutually exclusive? Explain. (6 points) NPV Profile for Franchise S LCost of Capital = 10% Year = 0 1 2 3 Project S -100. 00 70 50 20 Project L -100. 00 10 60 80 r NPVS NPVL 0% $40. 00 $50. 00 5% $29. 29 $33. 05 8. 68% $22. 32 $22. 32 10% $19. 98 $18. 78 15% $11. 83 $6. 67 18. 126% $7. 23 $0. 00 20% $4. 63 -$3. 70 23. 564% $0. 00 -$10. 20 On this plot the X Axis is the cost of capital and the Y axis is the NPV. IRR is the discount rate at which profile line crosses the X axis. Profiles crossover at an 8. 68% cost of ca pital. Based on the plot, the NPV for both Franchise S and Franchise L have NPVs above the cost of capital indicating cash inflow is larger than the costs and thus both projects should be selected if they are independent of each other.On the other hand, if the projects are mutually exclusive, the project with the larger x-intercept (higher IRR), which is Franchise S, should be accepted. 7. What is the underlying cause of ranking conflicts between NPV and IRR? (3 points) rank conflicts occur when cost of Capital is higher than crossover rate which causes NPV and IRR to point in different directions. The two basic conditions that cause these conflicts are * quantify difference When one project receives majority of the cash early while the other receives it later.This is the reason for conflict between Franchise S Franchise L * Project size of it (scale) difference Signifi keept difference in invested amount bed cause a conflict When either measure or size differences occur, the f irm will have different amounts of funds to invest in other projects depending on which of the two mutually exclusive projects it chooses. Given this situation, the rate of return at which differential cash flows can be reinvested is a critical issue. Therefore, whenever conflict exists between mutually exclusive projects, NPV method is wear out to use. 8.What is the reinvestment rate assumption, and how does it affect the NPV versus IRR conflict? (3 points) NPV calculation is based on the assumption that cash inflows can be reinvested at the projects risk adjusted WACC, whereas the IRR calculation is based on the assumption that cash inflows can be reinvested at the IRR itself. Since NPV assumes reinvestment at cost of capital which is more down-to-earth and is typically lower than the IRR (cash flows generally cannot be reinvested at heir IRR), so NPV is the more reasonable method. NPV should be used to choose between mutually exclusive projects. . Define the term modified IRR ( MIRR). Find the MIRRs for Franchises L and S. (4 points) IRR overstates the expected rate of return for accepted projects because cash flows cannot be reinvested at the IRR. The special IRR (MIRR) rectifies this problem by assuming reinvestment at the WACC or any other reasonable rate. Using excel function MIRR, we calculated the MIRR for Franchise L and S. WACC 10% year 1 1 2 3 Franchise L ($100) 10 60 80 Franchise S ($100) 70 50 20 MIRRL 16. 50% MIRRS 16. 89% 10.What are the MIRRs advantages and disadvantages tete-a-tete the regular IRR? What are the MIRRs advantages and disadvantages vis-a-vis the NPV? (4 points) MIRR has two significant advantages over IRR. First, MIRR assumes reinvestments at cost of capital rather than investment at IRR which is generally not correct. Thus, MIRR is usually a better forefinger of profitability. In addition, the MIRR eliminates the ten-fold IRR problem because there can never be more than one MIRR, and it can be compared with t he cost of capital when deciding on evaluate or rejecting projects.MIRR does not always lead to the same decision as NPV in the case of mutually exclusive projects where difference in size and timing can give rise to conflicts. In these considerations, NPV is a better indicator as it selects the project that maximizes value. However, MIRR is superior to the regular IRR as an indicator of a projects true rate of return. Part tercet Forecasting Financial Statements Matthews Industries most recent financial statements are useable in the attached Excel worksheet and also in the partial model file Ch12 P11 mannikin a Model. xls from the textbooks web site.Matthews Industries financial planners must forecast the companys financial results for the coming year. The forecast will be based on the forecasted financial statements method, and any supererogatory funds needed will be obtained by using notes collectable. accomplish the partial model and answer the following questions. 1. Assu me that the firms 2010 profit margin, payout ratio, capital intensity ratio, and spontaneous liabilities to sales ratio remain constant. If sales grow by 10% in 2011, what is the required external capital the firm will need in 2011 as calculated by the AFN equation? 10 points) AFNMatthews = Addl Reqd Assets ? Spontaneous liabilities ? Addn to RE = (A0*/S0)? S ? (L0*/S0)? S ? S1 ? M ? (1POR) = (A0*/S0)(gS0) ? (L0*/S0)(gS0) ? S1 ? M ? (1POR) = $660 ? $74. 70 ? $257. 73 AFNMatthews = $327. 27 million The required external capital for 2011 as calculated by AFN is 327. 27 Million. 2. If 2010 ratios remain constant, what is Matthews self-supporting growth rate?How will the self-supporting growth rate change if each of the following changes occur (1) the profit margin declines, (2) the payout ratio increases, or (3) the capital intensity ratio declines? (10 points) PM(1 POR)(S0) $234. 30 Self-supporting g = = = 4. 17% A0* L0* PM(1 POR)S0 $5,615. 70 Mathews self-supporting growth is calculated to be 4. 17%. Effect on Self-Supporting growth when all ratios are kept constant except one ratio is changed as follows 1) When the profit margin declines, the self-supporting growth percentage drops.Assuming that everything else is constant and M fall to 2. 55%, self-supporting growth g would fall to 2. 96% 2) When Payout-ratio increases, self-supporting growth percentage drops. Assuming that everything else is constant and POR increases to 55%, self-supporting growth g would fall to 3. 39% 3) When capital intensity ratio (A0*/S0) declines, it does not change the self-supporting growth 3. Matthews management has reviewed its financial statements and arrived at two possible scenarios for 2011.The first scenario assumes a steady state while the second scenario, the target scenario, shows some improvement in ratios toward industry-average values. Forecasted values for the scenarios are shown in the partially completed file Ch12 P11 Bu ild a Model. xls. If Matthews assumes that external financing is achieved through notes payable and financing feedbacks are not considered because the new notes payable are added at the end of the year, what are the firms forecasted AFN, EPS, DPS, and year-end stock price under each scenario? (14 points) Using the file Chapter 12P11 Build a Model. ls, forecasted values for scenarios are as follows Forecasted Values Steady State Target State AFN $324. 40 Million -332. 50 Million EPS $3. 16 $5. 66 DPS $1. 42 $2. 41 Year-end Stock Price $25. 27 $70. 79 See excel file submitted separately for detailed calculations on Part III. Scoring Sheet Question Max Points Points scored Part I 1 5 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 2 10 2 11 2 Part II 1 2 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 6 7 3 8 3 9 4 10 4 Part III 1 10 2 10 3 14 TOTAL 100 Points towards final grade 15

Macbeth Essay

As Shakespeares tale of tragic opposition Macbeth progresses, Lady Macbeth undergoes a metamorphosis moving from a stable, loving wife, into a index finger hungry woman driven to distressedness by her sustain obsession for complete control. Although when the question who is ultimately responsible for Duncans ending is asked, many will point the finger at Lady Macbeth. slice she played a role in manipulating and deceiving Macbeth into committing the firstly act of pestiferous in the book, we are all accustomed free will and with that it was ultimately his final decision to cut d feature Duncan.In the beginning it started with Macbeth being given the appellation of Thane of Cawdor in Act 1 medical prognosis 2 when Duncan utter and with his former title greet Macbeth, what he hath lost, noble Macbeth hath won (Shakespeare, I,ii, 3,5). This was the first feeling of index that Macbeth had in the play. It did not change him in the focus you would think it should kick in, he was humble and accepting of the new title however the moment the witches told him the prophecies is when I believe he subconsciously started to desire to a greater extent personnel than he al sympathizey had.In Act 1 scene 2-3 when Macbeth meet the three witches and they gave him the prophecies All annunciate, Macbeth hail to thee, Thane of Glamis then All hail, Macbeth hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor and finally All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be King hitherafter (Shakespeare, I, ii, 50-53) After listening this Macbeth sent a letter explaining to his wife, Lady Macbeth about the three prophecies. When she read that one of the prophecies had already came true and the next one was for Macbeth to be world power she wanted to kill the great power and knew how she would do it.She could taste the power that she could have, and it was the single idea driving her thoughts. As William Pitt once said Unlimited power is apt to corrupt the minds of those who possess it. Lady Macbeth had to date to posses the power yet it had already bastardized her thoughts. In Act 1 scene 5 when Lady Macbeth says Come, you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here and fill me, from the crown to the toe, top-full of direst cruelty (Shakespeare, I,V,41-44) She was asking for them to make her strong, to take extraneous her morality and in its place leave pure cruelty.When Macbeth finally returned shell to his wife she already had a plan to kill Duncan so that Macbeth would be king and more significantly she would be queen. As much as Macbeth tried to plea with his wife not to kill the king, that they had what they needed and the king had just recently honoured him by giving him the title of Thane of Cawdor. However no words could change her mind. It was not until she questioned his manly hood by reflection in Act 1 scene 7 What beast wast then that made you break this enterprise to me? When you durst do it, then you were a man and, to be more han what you were, you would be so much more the man (Shakespeare I,VII,53-57). At this point Macbeth felt like he had no other choice but to please his wife, so he hold to the plot to assassinate Duncan and with that threw away any morality he had left field in him.While Lady Macbeth might have been the driving cast behind the assassination, it was ultimately Macbeth who chose to kill Duncan. While it might not have been clear in the beginning he had a deeper thirst for power than his wife which is prominent in Act 3 scene 1 after he has been crowned king and is peaking to two murders to go kill Banquo and his son because they are the only ones who threaten his seat on the throne. both of you know Banquo as your enemy(Shakespeare III,i,124-125). Macbeths craving for power drove him mad and caused him to kill many people, and while its not clear the grounds for the third murderer, it is believed Macbeth sent him to kill the other two once the put-on was done. He became so paranoid with the power that he had that he began to assurance no one but himself and would do anything to keep his new title as king.As Lord Acton said, Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. expectant men are almost always bad men. Macbeth was tormented by what he had done that he began to have delusions which ultimately lead to his own murder. As Shakespeare said and a long farewell to all my brilliance (Henry The Eighth Act 3, scene 2, 351). Due to Macbeths obsession to gain power and retain it, led to the death of Duncan, Banquo and many others. Also more importantly the death of himself, causing him to have to leave the greatness and power he strived so hard to obtain.

Learning Styles and Competencies Essay

Learning Styles and CompetenciesI found my personality spectrum to be true of whom I am as an individual person. I meet psychology as a self-portrait of us and this allowed me to be receptive and confirmed my personality. I am a prodigious thinker because I love to solve problems while exploring new ideas and potentials. When I look support as a child I was very analytical and eer kept to myself on figuring problems. This can establish well with math, science, or psychology in a field that I would never be bored of. I realize that when I think, I space proscribed and find truth and this will always apply in my perfunctory tasks. I like to hear questions given time to figure discover in my manner of learning.My other strength is a giver, and I possess strong merit of being honest and will always gain ground sure that I will make a difference. Whenever I achieve my job duties I make sure I come in with good intentions. I deal with customer service all twenty-four hour perio d and project task all in an eight hour shift. many an(prenominal) people I contract seen in the past cheated or steal time that really affected the company along with the workplace. I be given to talk to these individuals into just working as a team kinda of being a weak link. I am an easily comprehensible person, which make sense through with(predicate) this personality spectrum that people see through me. I love to talk business and make sure everyone wins which is a great strength I am well aw ar of.I know my strength and how I can utilize it further for my life and better myself as an individual. I acknowledge my weaknesses in organization and that daring type however, this does mean I can improve from what I falter. These are a series of habits and familiarized myself to grow better as an individual. I must find patience and take a day at a time to permit myself to understand where I must sensation on, become comprehensive, and also score the courage to take further steps. 1 of the goals was to head back into school and finish what I had started. I have come a long way from when I was young, I have new arrests that motivate me to finish and succeed for my career. I need to preserve down my different goals, find others who share that common goal and experience what everyone has to offer. Iunderstand we ourselves cannot make alone but as a team we can. If I ever come through any issues, I understand my mentor can also guide me. This learning has helped me to understand further and apply myself for future experiences.

Deontological ethics Essay

Attempting to explain the differences and similarities of virtue theory, utilitarianism and deontological is basically from my own understanding of each. I am having much difficulty reading the materials as well as sitting at this computer for any length of judgment of conviction. I cerebrate my reading visual is deteriorating at a rapid pace because of the nervous strain to my eyes. Virtue ethics focuses on a persons pillowcase and morals. This person will constantly judge to do what is right because he was taught at an early age and by someone he loves and wants to always please by doing the right thing, regardless of the consequences. Utilitarianism focuses on the consequences of your actions.What I specify by that is that if you steal something and not get caught, there are no consequences. No one knows that you stole and therefore you do not digest to answer to anyone but yourself. Deontology focuses on the outcome of the act whether right or wrong. The person steals foo d from a grocery store because his children are peckish and he does not have the money to buy food. Although it is his responsibility to provisions his children, stealing is clearly wrong.The consequences did not matter at that particular time he did what he felt he had to do. Recently there was an nonessential on my route where a woman called in to my job and conveyed to my maestro that I was talking about deliverer on the bus and she was offended. I was called in and reprimanded and told not to speak about religion on the bus.My reception to her was, is that right? Quite a few of my regular passengers know that I am a minister and talk to me regularly about the Bible, Jesus and the Christian faith. Based on the virtue ethics, I was taught to speak the sacred scripture of God in season and out of season, when it is time or soft and when it is not a good time or hard. This is my first and around important job and regardless of the consequences, I will continue to advocate th e word and pray for anyone who desires to hear it. I will always try to please Jesus in whatever I do.

“Hedonism” By Jessica Shelby Essay

Oscar WildesThe Picture of Dorian Gray is a primordial deterrent example of hedonism, a movement in the late 1800s that claims pleasure to be the prime goal in ones life. The focus of the novel is the dish of Dorian Gray, his self-destructive search for pleasure, and the depravation of both the extends he has encountered and his give soul. Beauty and pleasure are the focus of all characters and scenes depicted in The Picture of Dorian Gray. Wildes timeless novel vividly portrays the hedonism ideals as the theme of the Picture of Dorian Gray with its characters mentality, roles, and eventual demise.The hero of the novel, Dorian Gray, is introduced as an innocent, beautiful young boy until he-in a mad instant- prays that his stunner shall live on while his portrait excesss the resemblance of his shame and disgrace. sweet basil Hallward, the painter of the doomed portrait, praises Dorian for his timeless beauty and innocence. Basil is haunt with Dorian, and his pleasure is found with the ideal of Dorian that allows him to paint so elusively. The turpitude of Dorian begins with Basils adoration, still it is lofted with Lord Henrys hedonistic ideals and all around negative influence. Lord Henry teaches Dorian to cherish his youth and beauty, all the while filling Dorians mind with selfish ideals of pleasure and beauty.I believe that if one globely concern were to live out his life fully and completely, were to give form to all feeling, expression to every thought, reality to every dream- I believe that the world would gain such a fresh impulse of joy that we would extradite to Hellenic ideal- to something finer, richer, than the Hellenic ideal. With musings such as this, Lord Henry begins his coup detat of young Dorians mind, ideals, and eventually his soul. Dorian tries to redeem himself, but with a few words from Lord Henry, he is back in the pursuit of pleasure. For example, Dorian realizes his injustice to Sybil Vane and intends to apologize.Then, Lord Henry tells him of her close and makes it sound glorious- like the perfect ending to a delightful play.  rather than dwelling in the death of a loved one, Dorian tosses the take aside. Dorian develops in the novel. He begins lofty collections, but eventually bores of them. Then, Dorian searches for pleasure in religion he even considers converting to Catholicism-not because of any matter to in God, but because he fancies the customs. However, Dorian soon grows weary of that and begins to try out refuge with opium, experimentation, and the finding and destroying of ro humannessces.All of the lives that Dorian touches are blasphemies, banished, or buried.The women who stomach met Dorian cannot walk about shamelessly, because Prince Charming-as Sybil Vane christened young Dorian- has taught them shame, has dishonor them, and found pleasure with his shameless use of them. The men who drive home befriended Dorian either are banished from London, living in Opium dens like Adrian Singleton, or have taken their own lives like Alan Campbell. Meanwhile, Dorian corpse gorgeous, but his depiction grows hideous. Even in the growing bestial creature on the ill canvas gives Dorian pleasure. Dorian is so pleased that he bares no shame the thing behind the cloth that lives in the canvas is destine to that. Not Dorian, however, he can seek pleasure with no outwards consequences. Not until Dorian-in, yet another fit of rage- stabs the portrait transferring all of his sins, shame, and corruption to his own flesh and blood and his once luminous beauty takes its step to the fore on the canvas.The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde, not besides depicts the hedonistic ideals, but it also portrays why the movement cannot last in society. Yes, the novel is factual, and it is highly unlikely that a portrait will bare a mans shame while he remains forever young. However, sin is a thing that writes itself across a mans face, and if all of society was in pursuit of selfish pleasure, not only will there be no society, but those who did live such lives would be outcast. For example, all of those in the novel not as fortunate as Dorian to be forever innocent look were banished from London, not able to show their face, or so ashamed that they resorted to winning their own lives. Oscar WildesThe Picture of Dorian Gray is a prime example of hedonistic ideals because of the characters, their actions, and demise.

Multiple Learning Styles Essay

More than one student in Kindergarten by dint of College has complained of boring courses and tedious homework that had no discernible connection to their agile environment. M both students describe their courses as lectures that force them to sit and listen to a professor for one to three hours, whatevertimes without a break in between. It is rare, or even un turn aroundd of, for a student to participate in a class-related activity that involved groups, going outside, discussions, or movement. The sensual, social, emotional, and cognitive aspects of the aimroom are not often addressed, leaving school a little safe and less stimulating environment (Sprenger, 2008).Not surprisingly, school is labeled as a stagnant place lacking in the input of our senses. Students would rather be with friends, play a sport, master a following or skill, or even immerse themselves into fantastic games than go to school. barely these same students appreciate come acrossing new ideas, growing s tronger, and having fun in a wide array of ocular, audial, and kinesthetic activities. Shouldnt public and single(a)(a) education map the best methods to impart history, math, science, language, and philosophy to younger generations? plot of land there is no best method to accomplish this, I study that victimization multiple encyclopedism styles to approach program line and learning is more(prenominal) than effective than using one style to accommodate multiple eccentric individuals.In its entirety, a learning style is the complex manner in which, and conditions under which, learners most efciently and most effectively perceive, process, store, and recall what they are attempting to learn (Lujan and DiCarlo, 2012). Most professionals and students have used three major(ip) learning styles to reason themselves Auditory, Visual, and Kinesthetic. These perspectives can be defined in simpler footing to be hearing, seeing, and moving/doing. In the 1980s, a fourth category wa s added to note visual and read/write learners, since tribe like Neil Fleming noticed that some students had a distinct privilegeence for the written word whilst opposites preferred symbolic information as in interprets, diagrams, and charts (Fleming, 2006). As a result, the VARK questionnaire was constructd to identify an individuals preferences for particular modes of presentation (Lujan and DiCarlo, 2012).Learning style dimensions are attached and related to one another, not either/or categories (Felder and Spurlin, 2005). Some people excel at interpreting locations on maps, bandage others would rather hear a location described some would rather draw the map itself. Thus, if a teacher is monotonously lecturing a topic to soph students in college, some students will interpret and make connections with the information presented more easily than others. Those students that learned less or slower than other students in that ex angstrom unitle would have benefitted from other styles of teaching, such as a visual diagram of the information, a mind map, written bullet points, or physical interaction with the subject matter. Without this insight, flexibility, or desire, most teachers would remain unaware that the students who performed worsened in their courses faculty have scored higher on tests or assignments if they had tacit the class material from another perspective related to learning styles.The use of multiple learning styles outside of the schoolroom has even more in-chief(postnominal) and practical implications that could lead to more effective problem solving, safety prevention, and innovations that would sire more than one sense. Signs on streets could be renovated to accommodate audibly-inclined (or deaf) people season driving their car their eyes can focus on the road, while their ears would be notified (via radio-wave, for example) of changes in speed limits, lane rules, and traffic congestions. Medical students, who pass off roughly t wo to six more years in school than other college graduates with a bachelors degree, would benefit from this in the classroom and during residencies.These future and current professionals are responsible for memorizing and utilizing a multitude of technologies, medications, and other holistic treatments that must be understood through scholarly look for papers and on-site administration of those same procedures. How else would they do this without being taught and teaching this complex information via multiple learning styles? In an experiment do by Heidi Lujan and Stephen DiCarlo (2005), only 36.1% of their studys sample preferred using a single learning style over multiple learning styles. Not only are models and demonstrations useful in imparting information, hardly peer-to-peer interactions and roleplaying can also foster a students ability to create connections between ideas.Some researchers categorize learning styles into octet components Sensing or intuitive, visual or ve rbal, active or reflective, and in series(p) or global. This is also known as the Felder-Silverman Model (Felder & Spurlin, 2005). separately set of words are opposites to each other in terms of ways of interpreting information. According to the Index of Learning Styles (ILS), which adapts these eight ideas into a measureable tool, each of us is a mixture of each learning style, stand for by a numerical gradient that connect each diametric learning style to itself. When comparing the VARK questionnaire to the ILS, the latter seems to take the four modes in VARK and categorize them even further. However, the audial aspect of the VARK isnt clearly synonymous to any set of categories in the ILS, but rather, it is a part of the ILS in its entirety.This might be due to the fact that each of us learns things using a unique combination of the VARK, so instead of separating major senses into a questionnaire, the ILS separates major preferences into an index. The accuracy of these too ls is always questionable, even by Neil Fleming (2006), who says that the VARK should be used to create conversations that pertain to how each individual learns, and how those learning preferences connect to decisions made by those individuals. As our technological advances increase, teachers, students, and other people will find newer, cost-effective, and dynamical ways to impart and absorb new information (Solvie & Kloek, 2007). confirming uses of virtual reality and MRIs can lead earthly concern to understanding the way our brains send and receive information. Nano technology might eventually allow us to physically connect our brains to each others through the tiniest circuits. This eventual phenomenon will have the potential to collect our graphic resources, connect to each other, and commit to providing excellence in education, our professions, and our daily lives.ReferencesSolvie, P., & Kloek, M. (2007). Using technology tools to engage students with multiple learni ng styles in a constructivist learning environment. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 7(2), 7-27. Fleming, N., and Baume, D. (2006). Learning Styles once again VARKing up the right tree Educational Developments, 7.4, 4-7. Heidi E. Lujan and Stephen E. DiCarlo (2005). First-year medical students prefer multiple learning styles. Adv Physiol Educ, 30, 13-16. Marilee B. Sprenger (2008). Environments for Learning. Differentiation through Learning Styles and Memory, 2, 1-10. Richard M. Felder and Joni Spurlin (2005). Applications, Reliability and hardihood of the Index of Learning Styles. Int. Engng Ed, 21, 103-112.

How far did young peoples’ lives change beetween the early 1950’s and the late 1960’s?

Today, boylike adults or teenagers be known for having different fashions and ideas to the older generations. They dress differently, act differently and micturate a whole different attitude. However, it hasnt always been like this, before the cultural Revolution of the late 50s and 60s, unripe adults as they were known then, were conforming and conform equal to(p) who respected their parents and followed the euphony and fashions of the older generations.The word teenager is a relatively new(a) word. Although it has been around since the 1920s, it didnt become widely used until the late 1950s. This was because until then at that place was no such thing as a teenager. You basic every(prenominal)y went from existence a child to an adult when you reached puberty. This was because of what society dictated. Teenagers werent allowed to have their own cultures and attitudes, they were expect to go to school, have a job or get married, and ferment children, and sexual relationsh ips were expected to take place only after marriage. untold of this way of life was due to the hardships of the Depression and World War twain which created a shortage of bills and a shortage of money to give on fashion, music and leisure activities. After World War ii and the end of rationing in 1953, volume began to have gradually much and much money. In 1950 the average weekly wage was 7.28 but by 1960 this had increased to 14.10. They could afford to spend more on the latest gadgets or a night reveal to several(prenominal) form of entertainment. However, until the late 1950s, some hoi polloi were still conforming and conventional.Things reached a turning point when a young, unknown American named Elvis Presley reached the music scene. His title was new and original and above all, different to anything that had been done before. This new type of music titled reel n roll had energy and beat which was appealing. Now, young people had more money and more time to spend on music. Music became influential. population began to go wild to the songs they were hearing because they were so excited by it.Parents disapproved of this new rock n roll. Elvis and other similar musicians were rebellious and unconventional. He challenged authority and his saltation was approximation to encourage sex with the swinging of his hips. The words in his songs were thought to provoke sex too. Parents thought he would influence their children whom he did do to an extent, but there were other influences as well.Young people were having more and more opportunities. Due to changing social attitudes, teenagers became more rebellious and more independent. They were now able to spend more time with their friends and so they were able to form new, different social groups. In the 1950s there were the Teddy Boys and in the 1960s there were the Rockers and the Mods. The Teddy Boys had long, greased hair that was swept back, and wore Edwardian style coats. They listened to rock n roll by people such as Bill Hayley. The Rockers were a development of the Teddy Boys. They had the identical hairstyles but wore jeans and lather jackets and moved around on motorbikes. The Mods were Rockers rivals. Mods drove Italian scooters and wore expensive, tailored clothes. They listened to music inspired by black singers. Rhythm and blues and soul from the get together States and Ska from Jamaica influenced them.Now that people had more money to spend, people could afford to acquire more clothes and more consumer-orientated products. In the 50s girls stared wearing trousers which had been unheard of before. expression became orientated towards the young. In 1958 Mary Quant was one of the first to design clothes, shoes, stimulate and hairstyles for the under 20s. Part of this is due to television. Now that television was more promptly available, people were being influenced by the fashions shown on TV and because they had more money, they could defile the products a dvertised on TV.Jobs became more readily available. People were able to smack and choose the jobs they wanted rather than take whatever they could. Women started going to work more. This was totally new. Before, the social stereotypes dictated that the husband should be the breadwinner and the wife should take care after the children. In World War Two, many women had to go out to work and some carried this through into the 1950s and 60s. Due to an increase in the substance of women going to work, teenage girls began to go out to work and attitudes towards women began to change.In the 1960s, boundaries were pushed further. As sex before marriage became more acceptable, much more dialect was put on attracting the opposite sex. Dramatic eye make-up was widely popular in the 60s and skirts became shorter and shorter showing more and more leg. When contraception became legal, people became guiltless of convention and all the constrictions of before were just put aside. People began t o experiment like they had never experimented before. A new sub-group named hipsters emerged. They believed in free love and moral freedom. They promoted sexual liberation and the use or drugs in developing the spirit and mind as well as the body. nevertheless there was a downside to all this. The hippie way of life created selfishness and a lack of responsibility. Drugs were also an issue. The Hippies challenged society and its way of life and challenged what was considered blueprint social behaviour. In 1968 they even challenged political authority, as many people believed the way the government was being run was wrong. But it wasnt just Hippies who caused the breakdown of society. All the changes that had been happening right since the early 1950s had completely revolutionised everything and changed the rules of society. or so things stayed the same throughout the 1950s and 1960s. There was a continual influence from the ground forces on fashion and music and ideas. Although t he music between the 1950s and 1960s was widely different, young people were still listening to music all the same. People watched the same programmes and parents views on society and what was acceptable, stayed the same. They still disapproved of what their children were up to and disapproved of the fashions and music as young teenagers began to show their singularity more and more.Overall, young peoples lives during the 1950s and 1960s changed greatly in all aspects of life and culture. The whole idea of what a teenager is was changed around. Fashions became much more individual as did the music that represented the changing attitudes and ideas. The whole two decades could be called a revolution as so many things changed such as money and jobs and entertainment. People were sexually liberated when the pill became more available. Although some things stayed the same, all sides of society for young people were changed.

The Postal Age Book Review

The introduction use by Henkin was unique to the book. He utilise the story of Anthony destroy. A fugitive slave that was captured, Mr. Burns miraculously managed to hold pass on several letters from his jail cell in the state of Virginia, 1854. Mr. Burns managed to utilize the facilities postal system to communicate with his lawyer in Boston. Henkin used this story as a powerful introduction to the main grammatical constituent of the book. The tome, The Postal age is broken down by Henkin into two translucent sections. connective Network which primarily focuses on the systematic nut and hasp spread of the postal system, how and what did people mailed and mail in a developing urban environment. The second section is Postal Intimacy which takes a look at the cultural aspect of letter writing styles and the cliches associated to its individual culture. Chapter Two, Malleable matters went on to question what people really mailed and how it was mould and evolved during his era of study.Henkin spoke about the History of Transient newspapers were periodicals that were passed along by the post by someone other than the main publisher. People of that clipping used newspapers to relay information to recipients in very faraway places. This drill was fairly inexpensive as opposed to sending a lawful letter. The postal bureaucracy didnt agree with this practice and proceeded to shut it down. past by the year 1845 Congress had actually passed an act the reduced the impairment of letters. This price reduction made it more attractive to send letter as opposed to using Transient Newspapers.Henkin really didnt get the picture much of the political legislation regarding such reforms. Covering such topics tycoon have been helpful in completely understand the nuts and bolts of Joining a Network. Furthermore, Henkin addresses the rising transitory movements that were taking place during that time of the century. He addressed in particular how the migrant men of the Gold line of achievement and those of the Civil War wrote letters. During those times the men of the Gold rush were eternally surrounded be the debauchery of army camps and gold mining towns.Familial rest from mothers, sisters and wives became things that deterrent examplely anchored these wandering men. This form of correspondence became a symbol of domesticity and moral influence. Men who had spend the previous night heavily drinking, carousing with prostitutes could open a letter from his loved ones and be swept up in a fit of repentance. The postal system wasnt simply a form of communication but rather at times a moral anchor for those of which were a long ways from home. Mr. Henken went on to discuss the other types of the postal system

Apples Eat Themselves, Law421

Article Review LAW 421 adjoin 25, 2013 University of Phoenix Material Article Review Format Guide memorial UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX DATE March 25, 2013 TO Timothy Morris FROM Debra Aguilar, Brady Benton, Karena Busch, Stephanie Hudson, and Rachel Wichert RE orchard apple trees Eat Themselves denomination SYNOPSIS A review of the court-ordered battles between orchard apple tree, a com poseer caller-up and orchard apple tree, a record company, are discussed in this article. Both assign a similar logo (an apple) and since 1991, the companies prepare gone to court to point the orchard apple tree logo should only be unique to one company.In 1991 the solicit agreed for each company to protract to use the apple logo but directly, the record company has accused the computer company of non conforming to the terms of the agreement. In 1980, George Harrison noticed an apple in an ad for computers. He thought this infringed upon orchard apple tree, the Beatles Record company stylema rk and filed suit. In 1981, apple estimator agreed to stay out of the medicinal drug business. In 1991, Apple bay window. filed suit against Apple reckoner for trademark infringement again and colonized out of court for 26. 5 million dollars. The two companies divided up the apple universe, indicating where each could use the apple symbol.In 2001, Apple Computer introduced online iTunes euphony Store which had a huge impact on the euphony retail industry. In 2003, Apple Corp. again sued Apple Computer stating music was existence stolen from them. Apple Computer was protected because downloads of music are comprised of digital data, and the diffusion of digital entertainment content is permitted in the 1991 agreement. Apple computer, now flavour from the other side of the dispute, may cave in issues protecting its own trademark because of current legal action that would force them to treat copyright trade protection software with other companies.The Computer Giant would be forced to arouse downloads sold on their site playable on any device, not just its own iPod products. This would result in wide open competition, something Apple Computer has not faced before. The reason Apple Corp sued Apple Computer over thirty years ago was to protect its trademark, and now Apple Computer may find itself in the same situation. virtueful ISSUE Apple Corp and Apple Computer have had their share of trademark issues. Its been about thirty years that Apple Corp and Apple Computers litigated a dispute involving the use of the Apple name as a trademark and its association with music.In 1978 Apple Corp filed a law suit against Apple Computers (Apple Inc) for trademark infringement and eventually agreed to a settlement about two years later with Apple Computer paying out a mass amount to Apple army corps. The legal issue Apple Corps raised is that Apple Computer is twisting in the music business and that in the 1991 agreement Apple Computer agreed to stay away fro m the sound recording industry, committing trademark infringement. In 2001 Apple computer released the iPod as a hardware device that arse be used to download and play software like music from iTunes.ITunes was released in 2003. Apple Corps claims that Apple Computer is involved in the sound recording industry by the use of the iPod and the music downloads from iTunes that is in violation of the 1991 agreement in which Apple Computer would not have any business dealings that had to do with the sound recording industry. The racy Court ruled that, The Apple Computer hadnt breached the terms of the agreement and could continue to operate their computer business as usual. (BBC News, 2006). For years Apple Inc has battled with Apple Corp over trademark issues.In 2007, they finally reached a settlement that placed Apple Inc. would own all trademarks and logos related to the name Apple and would license them accordingly to the Apple Corps music company (Tibken, 2012). During the cartri dge clip of the agreement, Apples CEO Steve Jobs commenting on the settlement stated We extol The Beatles, and it has been painful being at odds with them over these trademarks. Jobs added that it feels great to decide this in a positive manner, and in a way that should transplant the potential of further disagreements in the future. MANAGERIAL PERSPECTIVE The legal issues in this article can affect the business deeply. The main factor is the harm they can occur in sales due to the music company saying they are not following the contract they have put forth. This shows customers and pot of the world that their company is not trust worthy in all aspects of their business. In many circumstances this can stop people from buying their products until the situation is over and they find out the truth. The issue is that it could take weeks or months to finish the lawsuit.The problems that have happened with Apple the computer company could have been avoided if they took the correct s teps allocated in their agreement with Apple the music company. The frontmost step they should have taken was to sit down and have a business meeting with the representatives from the music company and explain to them what they wanted to do so that the contract could be altered. Instead they did it without coming to an agreement first, which disrespected the music company. Legally this is what should have happened so that the contract was followed and no one skint the contract illegally.References Macklem, K. (2006, Apr 10). Apples eat themselves. Macleans, 119, 30-30. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/docview/218528830? accountid=35812 Tibken, S. (2012). Apple now officially owns Beatles Apple Corps logo. Retrieved from http//news. cnet. com/8301-13579_3-57540017-37/apple-now-officially-owns-beatles-apple-corps-logo/ BBC News. (2006, May 08). News Front Page. Retrieved March 20, 2013, from Beatles lose News Apple Court Battle. Retrieved from http//www. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/en tertainment/4750533. stm

What Have Been the Main Developments in Strike Activity in Britain over the Last 35 Years?

What have been the main developments in hold action mechanism in Britain everyplace the last 35 years? convey activity is a form of industrial follow through that can pass away in the workplace once conflict has risen. It is a complete impediment of work by a group of employees and its aim is to express a grievance or to enforce a demand. (Dundon, Rowlinson, 2011) Employees will usually office a slay as a last resort to pick out with issues in the workplace workers are not able to perform a charge without a stringent process being adhered too with the answer of their respective trade inwardness.Employees can voluntarily become a section of a trade union in which they pay for a vocalism to aid in prison terms of need. Trade unions are customd to put pay and working conditions between the employer and employee in that locationfore employees will have the championship of their trade union during times of proposed presume activity. There have been legion(predicate ) strikes within the private and public sector workforce since 1978 and this assignment is red ink to discuss the main developments in strike activity in Britain over the past 35 years.It goes without saying that pre 1978, strikes have occurred (Sapsford, 1982) and played a solid part into more current affairs that can have relevance to post 1978 therefore numerous references maybe made to pre 1978 due to the continue it has had on the present day. Thatcher The process by which strikes have to follow is currently regulated under the Trade unification and Labour Relations flake 1992 (Legislation. Gov, 2013) This justness outlines the rights of Trade Unions amongst other things. Notably, this law enforces that trade unions must use a process to perform a strike and this process entails the use of a postal vote called a ballot. Gov. UK,2013) Before this particular law was implemented the leader of the conservative party, Margaret Thatcher, had initiated the idea of making strik e action harder to participate in. Margaret Thatcher was the prime minister from 1979 through until 1990 (Blundell,2008) and it was at this stage in history when trade unions were being reined in by several of Thatchers proposals. Thatcher seen the unions and their incident of strike activity to be disruptive and believed that the behaviour of the unions could be pent-up by introducing a ballot system (Phillips,1979).This meant that employees would have to participate in a secret ballot to decide on whether to involve themselves in strike action. The introduction of this process was ruled by the Trade Union Act 1984 and meant that unions wouldnt be able to lawfully strike unless they had a volume vote (Carby-Hall,1984) therefore pro bulkying and hindering the prospect of employees and unions participating in strike activity. Winter of Discontent Thatchers introduction of such law appeared not long after one of the most momentous episodes of strike activity in history. The winter o f discontent occurred between 1978 to 1979 and was recognised as the largest stoppage of labour since the 1926 everyday Strike (Winter of Discontent,2007). This period of work stoppages appeared as a result of graduate(prenominal) unemployment and impolitic incomes policy, therefore workers felt the desire to fight the labour organization and with the increasing size and militancy of public sector unions, the winter of discontent achieved a record status of days lost through strikes(Reitan,2003).Numerous amounts of unions and employees participated in strikes throughout the period of the winter of discontent Britain journeyed through baron cuts, rubbish pilled in the streets and school closures along with a reduction to a three day working week (Elliott, 2008) all in the representation of workers welfare. A impart of 39 million days were lost throughout the period between 1978 and 1979 (Gall, 2011) Coal Miners Strike The most significant affair of strike activity after Thatcher s regulatory implementation to tackle trade union power was the coal miners strike in 1984.This work stoppage arose after the receding in the early 1980s which cut the demand for coal exposing the less procreative parts of the industry. The strike lasted a whole year and included the thing of several thousand workers and was the most important defeat for trade union movement since the General Strike in 1926 according to Lyddon. (Lyddon, 2013) This particular strike was catastrophic in regards to the potential effect not just on the coal mining industry, but also other industries that could have been touch on by the decisions that lay within Mrs Thatchers power.Nick McGahey, the vice president on the NUM told a news conference that the strikers are not just fight for their own jobs, but for the jobs other race from different industries (Miners Strike,2013). The steel, engineering and galvanizing industry will also experience knock on effects of numerous pit closures. As one c an imagine being placed in Margaret Thatchers position as this moment in time may have been pressured to say the least, due to the scale of the strike. In 1984 there were 187,000 people in total who were miners and over half of them were participating in strike activity (Miners Strike, 2013).Along with the implications of the political decisions being made, unemployment rates were at an all time high of over 3 million people unemployed. This figure was the highest since the period of the General strike in 1926 (ONS, 2013). For Mrs Thatcher, a strike of this measure must have been liberal to have to tame, never creative thinker having to battle with such high unemployment figures. This situation alone could have been enough for the general public to view Mrs Thatcher in a negative settle but she was re-elected as prime minister for the third time in 1987 (Margaret Thatcher, 2013).

Mass immigration in the period 1945-c.70 a Essay

Was Britains approach to hatful in-migration in the stop 1945-c.70 a achiever or a failure?The question of whether Britains approach to aggregative in-migration in the catch 1945 c.1970 was a victor or a failure is no. as straightfor fightf bed as it root may seem. Unpacking the question a little leave behind help. Firstly, it is important to consider what is meant by Britain? Should it be taken to mean the g only overnment or the bulk, and which race?Britains approach baron be thought more promising to refer to establishment moreover distinctly m all British people having nought to do with government in addition encountered mussiness migration and migrants in one way or a nonher and in that respectfore can be said to have had an approach to it. Also, the judgment of a singular approach over close to 25 years is mis steer. A variety of governments were incumbent over this period and at that placefore a variety of approaches to visual modality immigrati on might be expected. British night club in akin manner experienced substantial changes from the trauma of World warfare 2, the prompt post-war period and decolonisation to the 1970s and thusly approaches and reactions amongst the people at large atomic number 18 bound to be many and change as well.Then, finally, there is the question of success and failure. In objective history how argon success and failure to be judged? thither is no truly satisfactory practise to such subjective notions. It might trump out be determined on a indemnity root, either governmental or non-governmental, but that is still a kind of narrow view. This essay will adjudicate selectively both(prenominal) governmental and non-governmental approaches to big bucks immigration into Britain from 1945-1971 in a mostly chronological frame execution, beginning with the immediate post-war period and Polish settlement, before turning to what has been termed compound or New dry land immigration. judic ature policy will be analysed as will both(prenominal) of the cordial effects of and response these to migrations. Finally, the governmental approach to mass immigration from Ire background will be examined and logical argumented with the motive examples before a conclusion and practice is attempted. It should be noted at the starting time that it is not possible in the position provide to include discussion of both immigrant existence group, nor to examine satisfactorily the responses of the population at large but the groups discussed herein have been chosen on the basis of poetry.That the reconstruction of the Britain after(prenominal) World War 2 would require comprehend was already a concern of the government in 1944, who appointed a Royal relegation to assess the matter of population. This Commission report in 1949 that immigration could be welcomed without defy if the migrants were of good human stock and were not pr scourted by their religion or look sharp f rom intermarrying with the host population and becoming co-ordinated into it. An indication of who constituted grateful migrants had already been given by the government. At the finish up of World War 2 there were perhaps 500,000 Poles in Britain. While ab initio the government favoured voluntary repatriation for the Poles, the advent and realization of a USSR dominated communist Poland was displeasing or impossible to many.Recognising the potential offered by the Poles, the Polish Resettlement Corps (PRC) was make in 1946 to help in their variation to culturedian life in Britain. This was followed in 1947 by the Polish Resettlement execution. The dependents of those who enrolled in the PRC were alike admitted to Britain and by 1948 there were approximately 114,000 enrolled in the PRC and 33,000 dependents. Layton-Henry has cogitate that, while sympathy for the Poles existed because of the war and the Soviet annexation of their country, the main reason for the roaring i ntegration of the Polish ex-servicemen and their families was the acute paucity of ride at the end of the war although there was reasonable about opposition from people and trade unions.Post-war Britain was still imperial and compound (though undergoing an ongoing process of decolonisation), if no bimestrial a power, and as British subjects colonial immigrants had the pay of access to Britain and full rights of citizenship, including take rights, the right to work in the civil service and the right to serve in the armed forces. Notable in discussions nigh colonial immigration are the western United States Indies and the Indian subcontinent and it is immigration from these areas that shall be considered below.In both the atomic number 74 Indies and the Subcontinent there was an cognizance of the labour market in Britain during the war colonial labour had been widely used, with around settlement resulting. In India, Britain had gained a temperament as a land of take out and honey and mutual knowledge was undoubtedly increased by the war. The increasing migration of westernmost Indians to Britain began in 1948, the Empire Windrush leaving capital of Jamaica on the 8th of June with 492 passengers bound for a new life with their right, and that of other citizens of colonies or race countries, to free accounting entry guaranteed by the British Nationality suffice 1948. The demand for labour in Britain and the poverty of both(prenominal) the air jacket Indies were the main factors lending to the migration, but also important was the especially Jamaican impost of labour migration.Many had traditionally gone(a) to the nearby and rich US, but this was gravely re rigided in 1952, directing migrants to the UK. Although roughly(prenominal) West Indian migration to Britain was done in the hope of better prospects, direct enlisting also took place, for example between the capital of the United Kingdom Transport Executive and the Barbadian Immi grants nexus Service and the NHS. Similarly, mass migration of Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims from India and Pakistan was to increase in the 1950s and 1960s. Many factors governed this, such as the economic opportunities presented by Britain, pressure for land and un manipulation following limited industrialisation. In both sheaths, travel agents, family reunions and chain migration helped to drive numbers, with the comer of dependents often signalling a shift from fugacious to perpetual wave migration.West Indies India Pakistan assorteds Total1953 2,000 2,0001954 11,000 11,0001955 27,500 5,800 1,850 7,500 42,6501956 29,800 5,600 2,050 9,350 46,8001957 23,000 6,600 5,200 7,600 42,4001958 15,000 6,200 4,700 3,950 29,8501959 16,400 2,950 850 1,400 21,6001960 49,650 5,900 2,500 -350 57,7001961 66,300 23,750 25,100 21,250 136,4001962* 31,800 19,050 25,080 18,970 94,900 fudge 1. Estimated net immigration from the New land(* first six months)It has been said that after the war, the Brit ish mash government keep an open door policy to immigration, intentionally settling some groups and further others, although the racial discrimination of the Royal Commission Report which followed by nature from the racial discrimination strong among the government, armed forces and civil service before and during the war remained present. Of embark onicular proposition concern were the immigrants visibility and ability to plunge into British golf-club, obviously favouring white Christians. In early 1950 an interdepartmental working committee recommended discouraging colonial immigration at source, tightening up entry requirements and encouraging voluntary repatriation.The immigration of coloured people was now being seen as a problem in several areas of British life although because of the small numbers mired, the Labour government chose not to act and stamp down the traditional rights of citizens. The new materialistic government of 1951 were also concerned with avoi ding the creation of, in Churchills words, a magpie society. Both Labour and traditionalist governments from 1948-62 were involved in the complex political and ideologic racialisation of immigration policy and had by 1952 instituted some covert, and sometimes outlaw(prenominal), administrative measures to discourage drab immigration. Debate continued throughout the 1950s about non-white immigration and social problems that were, in the minds of some, intimately connected with it.Where blacks had colonized in Britain before the war, racial disfavor was already a factor but during the war, when co-operation and unity were vital, it may have fall for a time. For non-white immigrants the post-war era revealed continuing aversion and vilification from various parts of society, including in Stepney a priest who considered that blacks posed a social and moral problem. Incidents of violence occurred in the of late 1940s between whites, sometimes Irish immigrants, and non-whites in Bi rmingham, Liverpool and capital of the United Kingdom. These continued sporadically, leading to the much publicised Notting Hill and Nottingham riots in 1958 and the again in 1968.There were problems on both sides including discrimination against non-whites in employment and ho employ while some whites also worried about these issues and it seems that certain employers and landlords, pursuit to maximise their profits took advantage of the situation. patronage such extreme incidents we must contrast also the less high profile friendly and welcoming approach of some people. It would indeed be inappropriate and imprecise to generalise about the approach to mass immigration by the public and individual(a) local circumstances must invariably be considered. However, it has been said that post-war British society was still very traditional, and disdain the empire, very insular for the majority of British people. This, feature with the pride of empire and the recent belt down of Ger many, exacerbated by the natural British transcendency taught in schools, could easily lead to a negative attitude to immigrants.In 1962 the people Immigration Act was passed by a Conservative government, legally chokeing for the first time immigration from the Commonwealth. It was attacked by some sections of Labour and the media press as a response to crude racist pressures. Other Labour members, however, supported and had scarpered for stricter immigration controls, sometimes even stricter than that of 1962 and eventually Labour u-turned on the issue of repealing the Act. In fact, the looming prospect of strict regulation of immigration from the New Commonwealth speeded up immigration, in particular from the West Indies, destroying the rough balance that had existed between labour demand and supply.The overt politicisation of race and immigration is visible in the Smethwick campaign of 1964. tool Griffiths fought the Conservative campaign against Labours Patrick Gordon Walke r and was returned against the national trend. His campaign was based, as he saw it, on defend the interests of the local white majority over the influx of immigrants and he notoriously refused to doom the popular slogan If you want a nigger for a neighbour balloting Labour defending it as an chemical formula of the popular feeling about immigration. sensibly ironically, Labour introduced another Commonwealth Act in 1968 in order to restrict the entry of East African Asians who held British passports.The governmental approach to post-war mass immigration from the colonies and the Commonwealth should ultimately be viewed in the light of Irish immigration, for to 1971 the Irish were the largest immigrant minority in Britain (see Table 2). In the 1861 count 3% of the population of England and Wales were Irish and 7% in Scotland with their numbers increased to 957,830, just under 2% of the total population of majuscule Britain, in the 1971 census. In the late 1920s and 1930s some restrictions on immigration and repatriation were proposed, partly in worry at the potential effects of US immigration restrictions increasing the flow of Irish into the UK, but were never realised leave off during the war.The worries expressed by the reconvened working society in 1955 were restricted to controlling the immigration of coloured colonial and Commonwealth citizens, who were British subjects with legal rights to settle, and not with Irish immigration, think that the Irish are not whether they like it or not a different race from the ordinary inhabitants of Great Britain. That an estimated 60,000 Irish per year were migrating to Great Britain compared with far few colonial or Commonwealth citizens was evidently not the point, nor was the fact that Irish immigration also led to social tensions as the working party had itself concluded. These were later emphasize by the Commonwealth Acts, about which there was no pretence of adopting non-racist immigration contro ls by including Irish or other aliens in the legislation.Table 2. Origins and numbers of some overseas born population of Great Britain in 1971(note that immigrants may have also emigrated, therefore this table does not essay total numbers of immigrants per year of entry)In such a climate, the rise of the Conservatives Enoch Powell as a spokesman for anti-immigrant rage seems inevitable and the public response to his rivers of communication channel prediction saw his popularity in survey rise from 67 to 82% in his favour, even making him a contest for the Conservative attractership. Powell used rhetoric and recital to create an image of Britain in its dying throes through massive immigration, racial civil war and strife in which received white Britons were strangers in their own country, ousted from school, interior(a) and hospital by immigrant communities who plotted against them using the invidious tend Relations Act of 1968. The whole premise of the problem of immigran t numbers is in fact a non-starter since in the post-war era emigration from Britain has in any case generally been at a higher rate than immigration.Fortunately, racism at the highest levels was less acceptable than in former days and Powells speech was embed offensive by many of his parliamentary colleagues although 327 out of 412 Conservative constituency groups wanted all immigration stopped indefinitely and 55 wanted strict limits imposed. A Conservative victory owing in some measure to Powells dissonant if not entirely unpopular personal campaign and a promise that there would be no further large-scale permanent migration led to the Immigration Act of 1971, permutation employment vouchers with annually renewable work permits that no longer carried the right of permanent residence or the right of entry for dependants. Because of the special relationship between Britain and Ireland, no(prenominal) of this applied to Irish immigrants, suggesting that colour evil was at its he art.In conclusion, despite sign so-called open door policy to immigration, guaranteed by colonial or Commonwealth citizen rights guaranteed in 1948, the approach of successive British governments from 1945 to 1971 was to attempt to regulate mass immigration on the basis of skin colour. so it seems that in the late 1960s even Labour accommodated itself to a White Britain constitution and the difference in approach to Irish and West Indian and Indian immigrants understandably bears this out. Even today it is apparently acceptable to make a special case for the Irish who, according to Migration Watch UK only come into the same category since they were part of Great Britain for centuries despite the fact that this ignores Irish ethnicity and identity while favouring skin colour, words and historical political and economic command as reasons for some spurious sameness.An Irish anecdote illustrates the offensiveness of this, stating just because we babble English doesnt mean we are the same. Racial and immigration issues became inextricably linked and highly politicised and the prominence of Enoch Powell lead to the rise and normalisation of far right groups such as the National movement and the BNP, still active today and latterly on trial for race crimes. now the debate centres around asylum seekers and illegal immigrants, who, in the style of Powells immigrants, threaten, despite the facts, to swamp Britain, and even in the run-up to the current election the Conservative leader Michael Howard is making immigration a primeval election issue. Was the approach a success? In terms of keeping non-white colonial and New Commonwealth citizens out of Britain, no. In terms of linking and politicising immigration and racism and normalising prejudice in British society, yes.BibliographyBrown, R. 1995. racism and immigration in Britain, International collectivism Journal 68.Davies, N. 1999. The Isles. London Macmillan.Foot, P. 1965. Immigration and travel in Br itish Politics. Harmondsworth Penguin.Hiro, D. 1991. Black British White British. London Grafton.Homes, C. 1988. John marks Island Immigration and British Society, 1871-1971. London Macmillan.Layton-Henry, Z. 1992. The Politics of Immigration. Oxford Blackwell.Office of National Statistics. 2004. Populations Trends 116 (Summer 2004).Solomos, J. 1993. Race and Racism in Britain. (2nd edition) London Macmillan

Chardham Yatra: Way to Moksha

The Hindu philosophical system of lifespan sentence is, when a man t all in allys redemption or mukti, only then he is able to release him self from the repeated speech rhythm of lives and death or reincarnations. It is believed that to come extinct of this whirlpool of life the best air is -to accomplish moksha. Moksha is the final release from self . It is like loosening of all the bondages and attaining junction with the one or the almighty. All the morality believes in attaining mocha or redemption . They have different sorts to light upon it. The Hindu philosophy believes in intravenous feeding disciplines to achieve it. The first discipline is karma yoga that is running(a) for domineering.The second discipline is Janna yoga that is realizing the supreme. The third way to achieve salvation or moksha is genus Raja yoga that is meditating for supreme and lastly is Bhakti yoga that is serving supreme with loving devotion. Bhakti yoga is most acceptable yoga to attai n salvation and visit to Chardham certainly helps in realizing it. These are four major pilgrimages that is wherefore it is called Chardham. They arrive with Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath. It is believed that yatra or parikarma should always begin from Gangotri and should end at Badrinath .Ancient stack believed that a visit to the Himalayas washes away all the sins . That belief still exists and therefore people who are believers come to visit Chardham at least once in their life time to attain inner sleep and satisfaction. Situated closest to the character these dhams are a sort of spiritual adventure. past from the hustle bustle of city life, amid natures tranquillity, is a time of introspection and a time to realize commanding Being. That is the reason people visiting dhams fashion enriched and start looking at the life with a newer perspective.

Federalism Questions

6AP US History Federalism Questions I. adjudicate the following questions as fully as possible. Use the Internet, The American Pageant, or another(prenominal) sources to find the answers. Also please identify your sources for each question. 1. What were the major weaknesses of the Articles of partnership? The Articles of Confederation were replaced by the Constitution at the natural convention in May 1787. Members of the Conference saw to replace the Articles because it was weak. The articles did not effectively unify the nation with a primordial organisation. No centralized organization would sensation to conflicts within and amongst states.Also Constitution had institutionalize appraiseation, which would be a source of notes for the administration. There was no strong opposed policy either. 2. What were some of the key elements of the nor-west Ordinance of 1787? The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was a very important law for the saucily founded America. It gave compl etely unclaimed land to the federal official official political sympathies. It consent toed the government to establish territories, which could become states after(prenominal) the area achieves a population of 60,000. Territories could correspondingwise establish governments when their population of separated gaberdine men was 5,000.The law also do waterways exchangeable the Mississippi and St. Lawrence rivers free for endure for unite States Citizens. Religious freedom, habeas corpus and bans on cruel and unusual punishment were ceremonious. The Federal Territories were also declared free of buckle downry. 3. why was Shays tumult such(prenominal) a tremendous situation for the untested USA? Shays Rebellion, an rise of central and western Massachu sufficets farawaymers, started because the government did not pass laws that would forgive debt and marking more money. The farmers needed this because the area was experiencing an scotch crisis.Daniel Shays, a forme r member of the Continental Army led the cause. The cause was dangerous because so legion(predicate) wad back up them. Citizens saw the rebels as the same as those who rebelled in the Revolution. When the government squashed their movement, many people were discontented and other revolutions sprung up. 4. why did the Constitution have a carry ons of checks and balances? The Constitution had a strategy of checks and balances to fete the three branches in even function. If an unconstitutional law is being passed by relation back the Judiciary carve up can assure it.The Judicial Branch can do the same for presidential acts. This would move the reason more evenly spread and on the wholeow more voices to be heard to a fault. The checks could hinder dictatorial rule too. 5. beg off the 3/5 via media. How/why did this happen? The three-fifths Compromise was an agreement between the North and southeast met during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787. The law stated that three-fifths of the slave population would be counted for things such as how many House Representative a state would get and state evaluate distribution.The compromise was met because anti-slavery delegates wanted only free men to count, which would go for power forwarfared from the South and pro-slavery delegates wanted every slave to count as a person. 6. wherefore did Alexander Hamilton welcome the Whiskey Rebellion? The Whiskey Rebellion was resilience against a tax on whiskey set forth by Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton established the tax to pay off the unify States large debt. Small western farmers protested because the tax was more lenient on large eastern distilleries.Soon, they rebelled and were quickly squashed by working capitals impertinently create administration. Hamilton welcomed the rebellion because he saw it as a test for the new government. The rebellion eventually also led to the arrangement of the Republican and Federalist Parties. 7. What was Alexander Hamiltons ken of the masses compared to Thomas Jeffersons? 8. How did George Washington handle the issue of war between England and France? In 1792, after the French Revolution, the newly established French Republic went to war with almost all of Europe.Washington refractory to remain neutral for the course of his term. This became hard because twain countries begin seizing neutral mint ships and America was trying to maintain backup with both sides. 9. Why were the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions such a threat to the Federal Government? During tail end Adams Presidency, the sexual intercourse was almost all members of the Federalist Party. jam Madison and Thomas Jefferson, who were trying to get by the Alien and Sedition Acts, could not influence Congress at all. They decided take their case to state legislatures and wrote resolutions to Kentucky and Virginia.The memorandums suggested that states had the power do declare laws unconstitutional, which was dangerous to t he Federal Government. 10. Explain the XYZ link. How did John Adams handle this event? The XYZ affair happened during John Adams service as president When Adams assumed his presidency, the French did not hump him. Agents codenamed X, Y, and Z, demanded huge amounts of money for loans and bribery. Adams spoke to Congress and called for a navy which resulted in what is called the Quasi-War, an unavowed war that consisted of a few ocean skirmishes in the Caribbean.The outcome of the war was that France would no longer attack U. S. trade vessels and join States neutrality. 11. How did the 2 party political system in American politics burgeon forth? Sample AP questions. 12. The Declaration of independence issued a call for a elective government of equal citizens that was rejected by the writers of the Constitution, who created an downhearted government that benefited only the laden few. mensurate the validity of this statement. Issued on July 4, 1776 by the constitutive(a) C ongress, the Declaration of Independence was a document that fervently called for equality for all citizens.On kinsfolk 17, 1787, the Constitution was declared as the imperious law of the United States. The statement, The Declaration of Independence issued a call for a democratic government of equal citizens that was rejected by the writers of the Constitution, who created an aristocratic government that benefited only the wealthy few, is invalid because while the Constitution do for a more powerful federal government, officials were elect by the people, those officials terms were all terminal, and checks and balances were stupefy into place.In the United States, all officials are elected by the citizen. Members of the government like the President, Congressmen, Representatives, Judges, Sheriffs, and City Officials are all decided by people in the community that they concern. Even though power is put onto a single person at some condemnations, that individual was decided on b y the people. While some officials like Supreme Court Judges and console Members are not decided by the people, they re decided by the President, who is elected by the people. The government officers who are elected by the masses, all serve for delimited terms. For example, Presidents serve four years until way out up for re-election. At the time, there was no limit to how many terms a President can serve, but the people would decide that limit with their votes. Members of Congress, the House of Representatives and urban center officials all serve for various amounts of time before being put up to be re-elected.This means that new ideas and set can flow throughout the government and a dictatorial rule is impossible. The United States Government also has checks and balances to keep all three branches within equal power. The legislative Branch has the power to impeach the President, honor federal Judges, and declare war, while the executive director Branch has the power to veto bills, agitate Supreme Court Judges, and the President is the commander in Chief of the Military.The Judicial Branch can have Judicial followup on both the Legislative and decision maker Branches. These help evenly distribute the power more throughout government and keep one branch from taking too much control. With its election of officials by the people, mortal serving terms for government officers, and checks and balances, the U. S. government established by the Constitution is far from an aristocracy.

Montessori †Purpose of Education Essay

In the above menti integrityd lines Dr. Maria Montessori indispens business leaders to bestow that function of education is non exclusively if transfer the turn inledge from mortal to person or t from apiece oneer to students and to swear stunned students release their full hu opus potence. It is non just that tutorers refund and students see two modality they extend understood or non. facts of motion is a born(p) figure out carried out by the sister and is not acquired by audience to words but by experiences in the purlieu (The shock-absorbent intellectual capacity, p-24, chapter-3). Education is a natural edge which carried out by the human individually, no one stack teach them.Education should take a new guidance of seeking and improving the human capability and human life. From the Montessori philosophy point of pull in potential is whole extend voice if correct milieu is on that point, with surround babe as swell up as exigency li berty. Education is a accompany peasant potential during a churl devisement fulfilment. low fry is truly un congeald to new receiveing experiences on their raw(a) periods. So we deport to cargonfully descend a line the squirt potential and interest and come apart them. E very pip-squeak is innate(p)(p) with potential, bad besides keep back the axe explained that potential though skilful guidance and with right milieu.Education cargons the nestling in ontogenesis a be intimate of requireing. Education is not only done by listening to the words, churl as well ineluctably realistic motion-picture specify too. Through practical exposure they leave learn soft and trip up understand in a burst focusing, which alike attend tos them in future similarly. If we command to teach etiquette to s fetchr or how to additionaldite with their younger and elders past we would cast off to engage the practice first so that shaverren whitethorn imitate and follow us. Montessori felt that enceinte should not assume that the tiddler is rescind and filled with our knowledge and experience. It is important to sample that the child has his concede birth potential for life.For uncover that potential they only take up comely purlieu. Potential + environment = instruction of potential. environs, potential, exemption all be interrelated with each new(prenominal). Children like to execution as well as play. Dr. Montessori believe that potential is stop by their have got ability. Small children are able to see unafraid rational concentration. Child want mastery in an activity for this they repeat that activity once again and again and they do it that repetition. Child wants to know the activity in detail. Children to a fault love for order. They want their stuff and non perfume in decorous order. freehanded should teach that order meet(ip)ly. later on apply sensible teaches them put it back. When child choose t he visible then they know that material and do that activity profoundly with full concentration and capability. Children want to generate choice so grown buckle under them independence of right to choice. Children love to exercise, they stopt sit idle. They want to do some constructive stimulate. They want material which can care them to grow. For children no need of rewards and punishments. Its openhanded responsibility to give them proper get hold oflines. Childrens view their sense of personal dignity. They also feel bad. They also love to clean themselves.Child get understand everything so dont take them as granted. Children like silence, they only need environment. instructor should start instruction from live ons of the letters n then from microscopic letters. Children are able to write and read. If a child gets the material he/she is dismission to study. There are no competition, child get attach with material or with their friends. instructor should know how she has to maintain discipline with material. humanity is natural in a civil environment and animal is born in a natural environment. Thats why child take much(prenominal) time for walk and talk as compare to animals child.Man move by using their affable ability which he has by sustain but its not microscopic and we take as granted. Same way child have their own character, they only need to develop. Personality consist of 4 emergences- physical instruction by fork up them specious space so he can move their thumbs forepart etc. intellectual evolution by giving them liberty of choice though which they can hire their psychological ability and by giving full in approach patternation as per as possible, social teaching and excited development. They all development is also called unified personality.Child unified personality is revealed by self realisation or self wind. Spiritual embryo convey self realisation. A child is in pure form when he is born. self-impor tance construction only develops if ordain is there. A lot of depart is developing mans intelligence, so we have to extra care to child. Mind, body, actions and will is interrelated with each other. There is interchange surrounded by the individual, the sacred embryo, and its environment. It is though the environment that the individual is moulded and brought to idol (the secret of childhood, p-35, ch-6). Spiritual embryo is a place where mental development is takes place.PDPP (pre determine psychic figure of speech) is a decided exemplification which he is born with it, but it unperceivable or hidden inside. And for developing PDPP proper environment is required. It is also called NEBULAE. Whatever pattern with they born, they will become that, no one can change that pattern. It is unique potential. E. g- parallel also have divers(prenominal) finger prints. Same as MNEME, is a first-rate power or through with(predicate) which we mean everything. Its create urge to achi eve the picky skill. PDPP is only genuine if prepared environment is available. Living and non living things is in environment. milieu should be by prepaid by knowledgeable giving who know the needs of child and according to the child temper not to the adult mood. teacher should be good followr she should know the inevitable changes in environment. There is a connectedness between environment and child. Child is born with potential, if potential is not there than how they use environment? Only when a child is free to use environment then he show his creativity and potential. independence helps the child to improve their potential. discontinuedom of grounds is most important for children. liberal should give them to move from one place to other place.Through this freedom physical development is taking place. But child have to careful they do not fiddle the rules and should not disturb the others, adult should obligate some limitations and rule. With physical development, mental development is also takes place. Freedom of movement is also help in developing will in children. Will is involved on their freedom of choice. They perform constructive work with their choosy material. Intellectual development is also developing. Teacher or adult coiffure sure they give them right choice. gravid should try to attract childs tending towards material. To express their feelings child need to speak.We should allow the child to speak or talk to everybody without scaring from anybody. Teacher should give them freedom of speech so they easily develop their communication skills, expressing thoughts, vocabulary. But instructor should observe that child does not use offensive manner of speaking and harsh words. Teacher should be good office model. Every child is born with their different personality, dont force them for anything. Children should have competition with them self. tumble them freedom from competition. Order will help in self esteem. Order of his proper environment is very important for children. It should be grouped.It should be arrange in cover to abstract. If concrete method we used to teach they will learn easily and fast. big(a) should endure them practical exposure. Without order very different to learn. He feels safer and also feels familiar. openhanded should be a good role model. Teacher can use programme also and should be prepare organised. unendingly show real picture to child. turn int give fantasy universe of discourse differently they will live in fantasy. Always present real material through which they develop sense of responsibility. Children love to work with real materials. The internal come of child is developing their infrastructure and mental development.With the help of real material they learn concentration. Every material should be substantive and purposeful for the child. Real material is serving in developing their senses on their culture medium periods. It is in the environment of the maternal directive instincts with the sensitive periods of the newly born that cognizant love develops between parent and child. (Secret of childhood, ch-8, page- 216) responsive period is starting when child born. Parents have big hand on developing child senses. During sensitive periods child life are like windows of opportunity a child get to learn different skills.The child is extra sensitive to the stimuli it gets to learn a particular skill at those periods. grown should give right guide during this period so they develop their sensitivities easily and faster. In between developing senses child get close with their adult or parent. Main motive of sensitive period is to develop child ability and address of development as called SENSOTIAL EXPLORE. Child born with their personality so they are create to learn by nascence. Childrens have quintuple senses- touch and organ is skin, judge and organ is tongue, sight and organ is eyes, smell and organ is nose and last sound/ hearing and organ is ear.Child have 6 sensitive periods in which they develop their senses and first is sensitivity to order in between 1-2 year. Child want stableness in environment and for that order should be there. So adult should keep the environment orderly so children can develop their confidence level and self esteem. mo is sensitivity to learning though the five senses- senses are active by birth in child. Though senses they easily break between designs. Example- sounds of different animals. They only need practical exposure and freedom for using their senses. trey is sensitivity to teeny objects- child always loved to choose small objects which they carry easily and cant able to see big object properly. adult should offer up them small objects. quarter is sensitivity to co-ordination of movement- children have reason to move. Their co-ordination of movement is only develop if will is there and will is only develop if adult give them of movement. Movement is also sh are them in developing physical development. ordinal is sensitivity to language- if child is not exposing himself in language then he cant able to express his feelings and his language is get spoil.Adult should give them freedom of language so he develops his straight-from-the-shoulder cod and vocabulary. Last or one-sixth is sensitivity to social aspects- learning in the play group is the best way of learning and children love to work with their friends. Adult should spark them for interact with other child and being social. So adult should provide them that slip environment through which they will develop their sensitive periods. Sensitive periods show the pattern which chid follows in gaining knowledge of his environment. On the other side absorbent mind is the way child absorb from the environment. Impressions do not continently enter his mind, they form it.They incarnate themselves in him. The child creates his own mental muscles using for this what he finds in the world a round him. We have named this type of mentality (The absorbent mind, ch-3, page- 25). Child does not have impressions of environment, they form in his mind. Child develop their mental muscles by own and use in the world. They only want environment for store more and more things in their brain. And they use that collection in differentiating between 2 objects. There are2 types of period. ace is un sensible mind period is between 0-3 yr. n which they absorb everything from environment. min is conscious mind is between 3-6 yr. in which he is in embryonic pointedness or self construction period. PDPP and mneme is developing in conscious period. PDPP is a natural justice of nature. There are 8 natural fairnesss of development. First is law of work is taking place in both physically and mentally. Mind and physical energy called work. Adult should provide them purposeful work, through which child learn about peacefulness, relaxing. Mental stage of child will be seen. Second is law of independence in this law child want to doing anything without any help is called independence.It is very important for child to be independent otherwise he pass along every time on others. Adult should give freedom to do it. Third is power of attention. Pay extra attention is called power of attention. Adult should provide them small objects so they concentrate easily in an object. Fourth is development of will- decision agnize + action taken= will. there are 3 stages of will one is spontaneously repeat action, second is he take decisions and then he take action and sense of responsibility is develop. Third is they doing work by their own, he discipline himself. fifth is development of intelligence- intelligence is the ability appoint judgement an orderly manner and as soon as fast. Respond the stimuli very quickly and very sharply is called intelligence. Adult should provide them sensorial material so they develop their intelligence. sixth is development of child imagination and creativity- dr. Montessori believe that adult should provide real material to child not fantasy or imaginative otherwise child also start believe in fantasy. Creativity and imagination is only developing if real material should be available.Seventh is development of unrestrained and spectral life- attachment of child and mother called emotional and spiritual life? Adult should help the child in developing social, emotional and spiritual life by benignant and warm. Eighth is stages of growth and development- there are 4 stages first is 0-3-6 yr. is self construction in this period , second is 6-9-12 in this stage child is very comfortable, calm, tranquil stage, third is 12-15-18 in this period scads of disturbance is taking place is also called teenage for both male and female. strong-arm disturbance and hormones changes is also taking place, stern is 18-21-24 children become settle down.They become mature, calm, graspable person. In whole philosophy adult have big role. T eacher should give directions to children. Childs lead and instructors follow. Teacher should plan out the thing or she can invite curriculum. Children have to develop himself in peace without any disturbance so its teacher responsibility to provide them that type of environment. Environment is the most important in cathartic child potential so teacher showing herself as a evolution person, she cant be stagnant. She has 2 fold roles one is prepaid environment she should keep such material through which child develop holistically.It should be elicit for child and force to work with material, it get on to child. Material should be purposeful, aim for it. It will be help in discipline, obedience, mental development will takes place. Teacher should be place right material in the classroom. It will not heart him emotionally. Teacher should be neat and clean. Everything will be changing on the daily bases. nutrition material changes otherwise they feel bore. Changes motivate the c hild and top them enjoyable. Place material according the child age. Teacher should make sure child should follow rules or limitations. Teacher should guide them in a orm manner.New material should be form for children so become they learn more things. Teacher should give freedom of choice, freedom of speak, freedom of movement etc. adult prepare the environment and express to the child. Teacher need to give freedom of work with the environment. Teacher should be actively peaceful which means dont do work for them let them work to do ourselves. Teacher should have unified personality. Teacher should have active, creative, energetic, pleasing appearance etc. She needs to be knowledgeable or child psychology and child development knowledge should she have. She should be scientific observer.She should have faith in the child or believe in the child potential. She should not have judgemental. She should assist the child to developed his will and towards self discipline. She helps the child towards independence. She should good observer- she observe that how child use material, his demeanour towards material. Conclusion From the proceeding sections one can infer that education is not mere flow or exchange of cultivation but provision of holistic environment such as the child may undergo all round development and his full potential is realised to the child, teacher, parents and the society. Free the childs potential, and you will alter him into the world (Dr. Maria Montessori, website-www. montessori. org). The essential purpose of Montessori is that give environment and freedom both are equally important for child development. If any of them is absent child get spoil badly. It is adult responsibility to give them that environment with freedom to use that environment carefully and orderly.