Cartesian Diver Essay

Cartesian is named after the French mathematician and philosopher Rene Descartes, who lived from 1596 until 1650. Cartesian addle-head lab is used commonly in scientific experiments to illustrate belief of perkiness. The preyive of this Cartesian speculator lab is to test dadas law and Archimedes principles. Observation is the key to conduct this experimental study of the Cartesian addle-head.First a 2-liter nursing nursing feeding bottleful is needed with pissing to almost altogether the way to the realize, past prep ar the birdbrain which is a test tubing, fill the test tube about 50-60% with body of body of water, place the plumbers helper inside the bottle the frogman should float near the water move up then warm the cap on the bottle. When the container is squeezed, the plumbers helper should pass by to the bottom of the container. Release the bottle slowly, the piston should come up in reverse order. The Cartesian diver shows that melody is compressi ble and water is incompressible.When the container is squeeze, the mash from squeeze is distributed partake passim the container and the passel of air in the diver decreases because of the increased jam of the water surround the diver. Since the volume of air inside the diver decreased, and water fill up where the air use to be, the diver becomes denser and get out begin to sink if enough compel is utilize. It begins to sink because it becomes denser so the upwardly get out of the water is not great enough to keep the diver floating.When the container is not squeezed, the diver will float back to the top because the pressure that was compressing the air in the diver was relived so the air could take is normal volume again which make it least dense. Therefore the Cartesian diver does demonstrate the compressibility of a gas, the incompressibility of water. The Cartesian diver experiment in any case demonstrates the Pascals law. According to Pascals law, when the bottle is squeezed, the employ pressure increase throughout the bottle by the same kernel imply inside of the diver.The control volume for this lab experiment is the entire water bottle including the diver inside. Objects float or sink as a result of their density. Density can be described as the amount of weighting in a specific volume. An target area is buoyant if its sex act density is less than the density of the fluid that is surrounding it. According to Archimedes principle, an object will be buoyed up by a force that is equal to the weight of water that it displaces. The air inside the diver can be compressed much more easily than water, therefore the water direct inside the diver increase as the bottle is queezed due to the pressure increase.The applied pressure by squeezed the bottle can be match by using this equation P =F/A(1) Where P is the applied pressure, F is the force by the fingers and A is the area of the fingers touch the bottle 14. 14? cm? 2. With the applied pre ssure, the pressure deepen in the bottle based on water level change inside the diver can be estimate by using this equation P =? gh (2) Where P is the applied pressure, ? is the water density, g is gravity and h is the crest of the water rise, 0. 3cm. Combine equation (1) and (2) the force by the figure equals 0. 416N and applied pressure equals 29. 43pa The Cartesian diver experiment demonstrates Archimedes principles. Objects either float or sink because of buoyancy, buoyancy is the upward force that keeps objects floating. If the buoyancy exceeds the weight then the object floats and if the weight exceeds the buoyancy then the object sinks, therefore objective buoyancy is carry throughd when the mass of an object equals the mass it displaces in a surrounding medium. This offsets the force of gravity that would otherwise cause the object to sink.An object that has nonsubjective buoyancy will neither sink nor rise. According to Archimedes principles the buoyant force acting on a body of uniform density immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body, and it acts upward through the centroid of the displaced volume F_B=? _f gV_sub (3) Where F_B is the buoyancy force, ? _f is fluid density, g is gravity and V_sub is the overtake volume. F=mg (4) Where F is the weight of the object, m is the mass of the object and g is the gravity. By relating equation (3) and (4) the buoyancy force equals 0. 1N and mass of the tube is about 1g. PV=? RT (5) Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, ? is the density, R is the gas constant and T is the temperature. P_2/P_1 =h_1/h_2 (6) Where P_1 the pressure rise of the bottle, P_2 Pressure rise of the diver, h_1 is the height of pressure rise in bottle and h_2 is the height of pressure rise in diver. Cartesian diver can achieve a neutrally buoyant state. However when the Cartesian diver reach the neutrally buoyant state it will be an impermanent equilibrium like a ball on a hill, a very small change can cause to rise or sink again.The hydrostatic pressure is a very important compute in the Cartesian diver, the hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium due to the force of gravity. The hydrostatic pressure of the water increase as the diver sinks, for this particular Cartesian diver a small change in hydrostatic pressure will affect the diver to sink, rise or stay and the key to achieve the diver to stay neutrally buoyant is the precise measurement of how far the diver sinks before it sinks completely or floats. The principle of buoyancy of a submarines are very similar to the Cartesian diver.Submarines can control their buoyancy by pumping air into the ballast tanks increases the submarines buoyancy and allows it to float to the surface like Cartesian diver at initial state when there is enough air inside of the diver, the Cartesian diver can also control buoyancy depends on how hard the person squeezed the bottle. Submarines could also let go of air and allowing water to fill the ballast tanks to decreases the submarines buoyancy and allows it to sink, similar to the Cartesian diver when the bottle is squeezed, the water level in diver increase which also decrease its buoyancy, so the Cartesian diver sinks.For submarines to reach neutral buoyancy, the water filling in the ballast tanks mustiness be precise so the buoyancy force will equals to the weight of submarine, similar to the Cartesian diver when the applied force is just right, the diver will to reach neutral buoyancy. The Cartesian diver lab shows the positive principles of Pascals law and buoyancy. At the initial state of the Cartesian diver, the diver floats on top of the water.Because of buoyancy is greater than the divers weight then as bottle is squeezed the pressure increase uniformly which cause the diver increase its water level which decrease its buoyancy so it drops to the bottom of the bottle. When the bottle is release the diver rise to top of t he water again due to the pressure that was compressing the air in the diver was relived so the air could take is normal volume again which increased the buoyancy back to its initial state.